Brush up on medical history with a visit to the home of Portugal's first Nobel Prize winner, the neurosurgery pioneer Egaz Moniz.

Moniz was born in the small town of Avanca and his country house here has become a living museum to his memory and work.

Located 17km southwest of Santa Maria da Feira in the north of Portugal, it contains the professor's valuable collection of furniture, porcelain, glassware, paintings, engravings, sculptures and tapestries as well as some of his scientific instruments and research documents.

More chillingly, visitors can view the bullet-holed chair where Moniz was sitting in 1939 when he was shot by an unsatisfied psychiatric patient.

He survived the incident and received worldwide recognition a decade later when he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine for performing the first ever lobotomy.

Moniz died in 1955 in Lisbon, where he had served as professor of neurology.